Click on the cytokines to see how they fit
into Type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP
A lack of regulatory T cell (Treg) function
Local IgE production induced by IL-4 and IL-13
Eosinophilic
inflammation induced
by IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5
ILC2, type 2 innate lymphoid cell; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.
References: 1. Akdis CA, Bachert C, Cingi C, et al. Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: a PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin lmmunol. 2013;131(6):1479-1490. 2. Gandhi NA, Bennett BL, Graham NMH, Pirozzi G, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD. Targeting key proximal drivers of type 2 inflammation in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15(1):35-50. 3. Robinson D, Humbert M, Buhl R, et al. Revisiting type 2-high and type 2-low airway inflammation in asthma: current knowledge and therapeutic implications. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47(2):161-175. 4. Stevens WW, Schleimer RP, Kern RC. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin lmmunol Pract. 2016;4(4):565-572. 5. Kato A. lmmunopathology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergol Int. 2015;64(2):121-130.